One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually assaulted by age 18. (Finkelhor, et al.1990)

In Hawaii, one in seven women has experienced a completed forcible rape during their lives. (Ruggiero, Kilpatrick. 2003)

One in six American women report experiencing an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. (Tjaden, Thoennes 2000)

One in 33 American men report experiencing an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. (Ibid)

Of all sexual assault victimizations reported to law enforcement agencies, 67 percent of victims were under 18 years of age, 34 percent were under 12 and 14 percent were six years old or younger. (Snyder 2000).

67 percent of women who were raped and/or physically assaulted since age 18 were assaulted by a current or former husband, cohabiting partner or date. (Tjaden, Thoennes 1998)

Over 90 percent of victims of sexual assault 12 years or older are female. (Greenfeld 1997)

Over 95 percent of sexual assault offenders are male. (Greenfeld 1997)

23 percent of all sexual offenders known to law enforcement are under the age of 18. (Snyder, 2000)

The average age of imprisoned rapists at arrest is 31. Fifty-two percent are white; 22 percent report that they are married. (Greenfeld 1997)

Seven in 10 rape and sexual assault victims know the offender prior to the assault. (Rennison 2000)

Approximately 90 percent of rape victims under 12 years old know the offender.  (Greenfield 1997)

About four in 10 sexual assaults take place at the victim’s own home. Two in ten take place in the home of a friend, neighbor or relative. One in ten takes place away from home. And about one in 12 takes place in a parking garage. More than half of all rape/sexual assault incidents were reported by victims to have occurred within one mile of their home or at their home. (Greenfeld 1997)

Approximately one-third of rapes/sexual assaults occur during the day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.) (Greenfeld 1997)

In over 35 percent of sexual assaults, the offender is intoxicated. (Greenfeld 1998)

Only 13 percent of sexual assaults involved a weapon. (US Bureau of Justice Statistics 2004)

Rape survivors are three times more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder episodes than individuals who have not been raped, four times more likely to have contemplated suicide and 13 times more likely to have attempted suicide. (Schafran1996). 

Sexual victimization is associated with severe and enduring behavioral consequences for victims, including increased drug and alcohol use, domestic violence, depression, suicide and teenage pregnancy. (Seymour et al. 1992).

Rape had the highest annual victim cost at $127 billion per year, followed by assault, murder and drunken driving. (US Bureau of Justice Statistics 2000)

Children & Teens

Over 90 percent of juvenile sexual assault victims reported knowing their attacker: 34 percent were family members and 59 percent acquaintances. Only seven percent of the perpetrators were strangers to the victim. (Snyder 2000)
  
Juveniles are perpetrators of about 40 percent of child sexual assault victimizations. (Snyder 2000)

Women who reported they were raped before the age of 18 were three to five  times more likely to experience subsequent adult victimization than those who had not been raped. (Desai et al 2002; Noll et al. 2003)

Childhood or adolescent sexual abuse is associated with a range of high-risk sexual behaviors, including the likelihood of being battered; trading sex for drugs, shelter, or money; entry into prostitution; and less likelihood to use birth control. (Boyer and Fine 1992, Finkelhor 1987, Paone et al. 1992, Zierler et al. 1991)

Teens 16 to 19 years old are three and a half times more likely than the general population to be victims of rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault. (Rennison 2000)

Female students who have been physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner in the 9th grade through 12th grade are at increased risk for substance abuse, unhealthy weight gain, risky sexual behavior, pregnancy and suicide. (Silverman, Raj, Mucci, Hathaway 2001)


College Students

Among college students nationwide, 20 percent to 25 percent of women reported experiencing completed or attempted rape. (Fisher, Cullen, Turner 2000)

Of surveyed college women, about 90 percent of rape and sexual assault victims knew their attacker prior to the assault. (ibid)

Among female undergraduates at the University of Hawaii-Manoa, approximately 10 percent report experiencing sexual assault, 2 percent report being raped, 11 percent report experiencing partner violence, and over 10 percent report experiencing being stalked since starting school. (Bopp 2003)


Disabled

Women with disabilities are at least twice as likely to be raped and abused as the general population of women. (Sobsey 1994)

Among adults who are developmentally disabled, as many as 83 percent of females and 32 percent of males are the victims of sexual assault. (Johnson, Sigler 2000)

In one study, 40 percent of women with physical disabilities reported being sexually assaulted. (Young, Nosek, Howland, Chanpong, Rintala 1997)

On average, from 1992 to 2000, only 31 percent of all rapes and sexual victimizations were reported to the police.   (Hart, Timothy and Rennison 2003)

Bopp, P.J. (2003). University of Hawaii/Manoa Student Survey on Violence.  Unpublished

Boyer, D. and D. Fine.  (1992).  Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment.  Family Planning Perspectives 24:4-10.

Desai, S., I. Arias, M. Thompson, and K. Basile. (2002). Childhood victimization and subsequent adult revictimization assessed in a nationally representative sample of women and men.  Violence and Victims, Vol. 17 (6):  639-653.

Finkelhor, D.  (1987). The sexual abuse of children:  Current research reviewed.  Psychiatric Annals 17: 233-241.

Finkelhor,D, et al. "Sexual Abuse in a National Survey of Adult Men and Women: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors." 1990.

Fisher, BS., FT Cullen, MG Turner. The sexual victimization of college women. Washington: Department of Justice (US), National Institute of Justice; 2000. Publication No. NCJ 182369.

Greenfeld, Lawrence A. “Sex offenses and Offenders. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Us Department of Justice, 1997.

Greenfeld, Lawrence A. “Alcohol and Crime”. Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice. 1998.

Hart, Timothy and Callie Rennison." Reporting Crime to the Police, 1992-2000." Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, March 2003.

Johnson, I., R. Sigler. (2000). Forced Sexual Intercourse Among Intimates. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 15 (1).)

Noll, J., L. Horowitz, G. Bonano, P.Trickett and F. Putnam. (2003).  Revitalization and self-harm in females who experienced childhood sexual abuse.  Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 18 (12):  1452-1471.

Paone, D., W. Chavkin, I. Willets, P. Friedman, D. Des Jarlais.  (1992). The impact of sexual abuse:  Implications for drug treatment.  Journal of Women's Health 1:149-153.

Rennison, Callie M. "Criminal Victimization 1999: Changes 1998-00 with Trends 1993-99." Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, August 2000)

Ruggiero, K.J. and D.G. Kilpatrick. (2003). Rape in Hawaii: A Report to the State. Charleston, SC: National Violence Against Women Prevention Center, Medical University of South Carolina.

Schafran, L.H. (1996).  Rape in America.  American Journal of Public Health 86 (1), 15-19.

Seymour, A., D. Kilpatrick, C. Edmunds. (1992). Rape In America: A Report to the  Nation. Arlington, VA.: National Center for Victims of Crime.

Silverman, J., A. Raj, L. Mucci and J. Hathaway. "Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy, and Suicidality." Journal of the American Medical Association. 286(5):572-579, 2001)

Snyder, H. "Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics." Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, 2000.

Sobsey, D., (1994). “Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People with Disabilities;” The End of Silent Acceptance, Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co., Inc.

Tjaden, P. and N. Thoennes  Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: findings from the national violence against women survey. Washington: National Institute of Justice; 2000. Report NCJ 183781. 

Tjaden, P. and N. Thoennes. "Prevalence, Incidence and Consequences of Violence Against Women: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey." National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, November 1998.

United States Bureau of Justice Statistics.  (2000).  National Crime Victimization Survey, Criminal Victimization 1999, Changes 1998-1999 with Trends 1993-1999, U.S. Department of Justice, 1999.  NCJ 182734

United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. US Department of Justice, 2003.

United States Bureau of Justice Statistics.  National Crime Victimization Survey. US Department of Justice, 2004.

Young, M. E., M. A. Nosek, C. A. Howland, G. Chanpong and D. H. Rintala. (1997). Prevalence of Abuse of Women with Physical Disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Special Issue. Vol. 78 (12 Suppl. 5) s34-s38.

Zierler, S., L. Feingold, D. Laufer, P. Velentgas, S.B. Kantorwitz and Gordon, K. Mayer. (1991). Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse and subsequent risk of HIV infection.  American Journal of Public Health 81:572-575.